Tremendous growth in the field of pharmacology and therapeutics has been observed due to revolutionised development of novel drug delivery systems predominantly based on “Nanotechnology”. Treatment of wide varieties of diseases is made possible by miniaturisation of drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology delivers a unique approach, which promises higher drug efficacy, targeted drug delivery, on demand delivery, biocompatibility, etc. The importance of nanotechnology can be visualised by its ability of addressing several problems in central areas of biomedical, chemical, mechanical and electronics. Here, we discuss how nano-therapeutics can be fruitful for the treatment of brain diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Parkinson’s, cancer, Alzheimer and their drug delivery mechanism. In this regard, the challenges involved and required future developments in drug delivery systems becomes few important topics to be worked on for expanding the utilization of nano-therapeutics.
