Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna arrays are emerging as a key enabling technology for next-generation wireless systems, including 5G/6G terrestrial networks and satellite communications. By supporting broadband operation within a single aperture, UWB arrays offer a significant reduction in size, weight, cost, and power consumption as compared to multi-band antenna systems. In parallel, spaceborne platforms require an increasing demand for conformal, low-profile, wideband arrays. To meet quality-of-service (QoS) requirements and to support integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), wideband beamforming and high temporal resolution are essential features.
