Optimization of Single Photon Avalanche Diode Design Using Surrogate-Reinforcement Learning Article

Mamun, Kazi Mohammad, Pala, Nezih, Shawkat, Mst Shamim Ara. (2026). Optimization of Single Photon Avalanche Diode Design Using Surrogate-Reinforcement Learning . IEEE Photonics Journal, 18(4), 10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3710044

cited authors

  • Mamun, Kazi Mohammad; Pala, Nezih; Shawkat, Mst Shamim Ara

authors

publication date

  • August 1, 2026

published in

keywords

  • Design methodology
  • Engineering
  • Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
  • Impact ionization
  • Learning (artificial intelligence)
  • Modeling
  • Optics
  • Optimization
  • Physical Sciences
  • Physics
  • Physics, Applied
  • Probability
  • Science & Technology
  • Simulation
  • Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)
  • Single-photon avalanche diodes
  • Technology
  • Timing
  • Training
  • avalanche triggering probability
  • computational cost
  • dark count rate (DCR)
  • device optimization
  • machine learning (ML)
  • modeling
  • reinforcement learning (RL)
  • technology computer-aided design (TCAD)

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

publisher

  • IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC

volume

  • 18

issue

  • 4