The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into forensic science is reshaping the landscape of legal investigations, enabling unprecedented advancements in accuracy, efficiency, and evidentiary analysis. This chapter explores the foundational principles, practical applications, and emerging frontiers of AI in legal forensics, encompassing diverse domains including legal document analysis, digital forensics, canine scent detection, and DNA profiling. AI-driven tools now streamline case review processes, automate legal reasoning, detect anomalies in digital and genetic data, and replicate canine olfactory capabilities with bio-inspired sensors. From predictive modeling in judicial outcomes to deepfake detection in multimedia forensics, this study highlights how AI augments traditional investigative practices while addressing challenges related to ethics, bias, transparency, and admissibility. As the legal system grapples with increasingly complex datasets and evolving criminal tactics, the convergence of AI and forensic science offers a transformative pathway to justice. This chapter not only synthesizes the current state of AI-enabled forensic technologies but also envisions their future role in fostering global legal collaboration, real-time forensic intelligence, and standardization in criminal justice procedures.
