Optimal Frequency Response of Bulk Power Grid with Droop-Based Control of Smart Inverters Conference

Mali, P, Paudyal, S, Rahman, MA. (2026). Optimal Frequency Response of Bulk Power Grid with Droop-Based Control of Smart Inverters . 10.1109/GreenTech68285.2026.11471606

cited authors

  • Mali, P; Paudyal, S; Rahman, MA

authors

abstract

  • The current trend towards green energy is rapidly increasing the adoption of renewable energy sources in the US power grids, which has shown a considerable impact on the frequency dynamics of the bulk power systems. Most of the distributed energy resources (DERs) are connected to the distribution feeder via smart inverters (SIs). As per IEEE-1547 standard, these SIs are required to be equipped with frequency-active power, P(f), droop control to respond to the frequency dynamics of the grid. The choice of parameters of P(f) droop, viz., slope and deadband, can impact the primary frequency response of the power grid, and it is very important to carefully choose these parameters. In this context, this work proposes an approach to determine the optimal values of the parameters of P(f) droop control for achieving the optimal primary frequency response of the power grid. The tests were performed with the Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Model having the IEEE 39 bus test system as the transmission system and the modified IEEE 8500 node test feeder as the distribution system by changing the penetration of smart inverters, namely 41%, 16.5%, and 51%, on the power grid. The results show that the proposed technique is able to find the optimum values of the parameters of P(f) droop control of the SIs.

publication date

  • January 1, 2026