Global, regional, and national trends in routine childhood vaccination coverage from 1980 to 2023 with forecasts to 2030: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 Article

Haeuser, Emily, Byrne, Sam, Nguyen, Jason et al. (2025). Global, regional, and national trends in routine childhood vaccination coverage from 1980 to 2023 with forecasts to 2030: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 . LANCET, 406(10500), 235-260. 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01037-2

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  • Haeuser, Emily; Byrne, Sam; Nguyen, Jason; Raggi, Catalina; McLaughlin, Susan A; Bisignano, Catherine; Harris, Ashley A; Smith, Amanda E; Lindstedt, Paulina A; Smith, Georgia; Herold, Samuel James; Nesbit, Olivia D; Noyes, Taylor; Shalev, Noga; Olana, Latera Tesfaye; Aalipour, Mohammad Amin; Aalruz, Hasan; Abbasifard, Mitra; Abbaspour, Faezeh; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd ElHafeez, Samar; Abdallah, Emad M; Abdel-Hameed, Reda; Abdelkader, Atef; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Abdisa, Wakgari Mosisa; Abdoun, Meriem; Abdous, Arman; Abdulah, Deldar Morad; Abdullahi, Adam; Abdullahi, Auwal; Abdul-Rahman, Toufik; Abdykerimova, Kulmira; Abedi, Armita; Abejew, Asrat Agalu; Zuniga, Roberto Ariel Abeldano; Abidi, Syed Hani; Abiodun, Olumide; Kasem, Rahim Abo; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abonie, Ulric Sena; Aborode, Abdullahi Tunde; Abourashed, Nagah Mohamed; Abouzid, Mohamed; Abramov, Dmitry; Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes; Abtahi, Dariush; Abu Farha, Rana Kamal; Abubakar, Bilyaminu; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abukhadijah, Hana J; Aburuz, Salahdein; Acharya, Anirudh Balakrishna; Achore, Meshack; Acuna, Juan Manuel; Adal, Ousman; Adams, Lisa C; Adamu, Abdu A; Adebisi, Tajudeen Adesanmi; Adedia, David; Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola; Adegbile, Oluwatobi E; Adegboye, Oyelola A; Adegoke, Nurudeen A; Adeleke, Olumide Thomas; Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi; Adhana, Mache Tsadik; Adhikary, Ripon Kumar; Adiga, Usha; Adnan, Mohd; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Adoma, Prince Owusu; Adzigbli, Leticia Akua; Affinito, Giuseppina; Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika; Afolabi, Habeeb Abiodun; Afolabi, Rotimi Felix; Afzal, Saira; Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika; Agarwal, Dhiraj Motilal; Aghajanian, Sepehr; Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Ahadi, Mahsa; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Khurshid; Ahmad, Rabbiya; Ahmad, Shoaib; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Mushood; Ahmed, Naveed; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Ajakwe, Simeon Okechukwu; Ajala, Dolapo Emmanuel; Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse; Akeju, Oluwasefunmi; Akhigbe, Roland Eghoghosoa; Akinosoglou, Karolina; Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed; Akram, Hammad; Akrami, Ashley E; Al Amiry, Alaa; Al Awaidy, Salah; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Al Nawayseh, Mohammad Khaled; Al Omari, Omar; Al Thaher, Yazan; Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed; Al Zoubi, Mohammad Ahmmad Mahmoud; Al-Ajlouni, Yazan; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Mohammad Khursheed; Alam, Nazmul; Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa; Alanzi, Turki M; Alao, Jude Oluwapelumi; Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y; Albashtawy, Mohammed; AlBataineh, Mohammad T; Aldhahir, Abdulelah Mastour; Aldossary, Mohammed S; Aleidi, Shereen M; Alemayehu, Tekletsadik Tekleslassie; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Alfalki, Ali M; Algahtani, Fahad D; Algammal, Abdelazeem M; Alhumaidi, Ashraf; Ali, Abid; Ali, Irfan; Ali, Liaqat; Ali, Mohammad Daud; Ali, Rafat; Ali, Shahid; Ali, Syed Shujait; Al-Iede, Montaha; Alif, Sheikh Mohammad; Rokny, Hamid Alinejad; Alipour, Morteza; Al-Jabi, Samah W; Al-Jumaily, Adel; Alkhatib, Ahmad; Alkhawam, Mustafa; Allouh, Mohammed Z; Almagharbeh, Wesam Taher; Al-Marwani, Sabah; Almazan, Joseph Uy; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M; Almobayed, Amr; Alniss, Hasan Yaser; Alosta, Mohammad R; Alqahtani, Jaber S; Alqudimat, Mohammad R; Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen; Alrawashdeh, Ahmad; Al-Rifai, Rami H; Alrimawi, Intima; Alrousan, Sahel Majed; Alsabri, Mohammed A; Altaany, Zaid; Al-Tammemi, Alaa B; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A; Althobiani, Malik A; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J; Alwafi, Hassan; Al-Wardat, Mohammad; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Aly, Hany; Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim; Alzoubi, Abdallah; Alzoubi, Karem H; Al-Zubayer, Md Akib; Amafah, Ekiyor Joseph; Amin, Amr; Amini, Saeed; Aminu, Nafiu; Amobonye, Ayodeji; Amugsi, Dickson A; Anagnostakis, Filippos; Anderson, Michael; Ang, Song Peng; Nguyen, Hoang Anh; Anil, Abhishek; Anjorin, Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi; Ansariniya, Hossein; Antony, Catherine M; Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen; Anvari, Saeid; Anwar, Saleha; Arabloo, Jalal; Aranjani, Jesil Mathew; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Areda, Demelash; Aremu, Abdulfatai; Aremu, Olatunde; Arjmand, Ghazal; Arockiaraj, Jesu; Arooj, Mahwish; Artamonov, Anton A; Arumugam, Ashokan; Arumuganainar, Deepavalli; Aryntayeva, Nurila; Anar, Mahsa Asadi; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin; Asefa, Shewatatek Melaku Melaku; Ashames, Akram; Ashraf, Tahira; Ashrafi, Mitra; Asiamah-Asare, Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah; Aslam, Muhammad Shahzad; Aslani, Saeed; Asri, Yuni; Assefa, Dereje Zewdu; Assembekov, Batyrbek; Atre, Sachin R; Atreya, Alok; Atta, Julie Alaere; Atwan, Zeenah A; Augello, Matteo; Aurangzeb, Khursheed; Awoke, Andargie Abate; Awosile, Babafela B; Ayatizadeh, Seyyed HamidReza; Ayipo, Yusuf Oloruntoyin; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Aziz, Mohd Yusmaidie; Aziz, Sadat Abdulla; Azizan, Amin; Azzam, Ahmed Y; Babatope, Abisola Esther; Babiker, Rasha; Badiye, Ashish D; Bagheri, Sara; Baghizadeh, Fereshteh; Bahreini, Razieh; Bahurupi, Yogesh; Baig, Atif Amin; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Balkis, Maher; Banik, Rajon; Bansal, Hansi; Barati, Shirin; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Basharat, Zarrin; Bashir, Shahid; Bashiri, Azadeh; Basri, Rehana; Bassat, Quique; Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi; Basu, Saurav; Batra, Kavita; Batra, Ravi; Bayat, Mahdis; Beeraka, Narasimha M; Bekele, Bezawit K; Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye; Belachew, Sewunet Admasu; Belayneh, Asnake Gashaw; Belayneh, Melesse; Belingheri, Michael; Bello, Umar Muhammad; Tune, Samiun Nazrin Bente Kamal; Berihun, Abiye Assefa; Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C; Bernstein, Robert S; Bhadoria, Ajeet Singh; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhandari, Dinesh; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhargava, Ashish; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhattarai, Ashmin Hari; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bilgin, Can; Biroudian, Saeed; Biswas, Bijit; Biswas, Mohammad Shahangir; Biswas, Monirujjaman; Bitew, Molalegne; Bizzozero-Peroni, Bruno; Bobo, Firew Tekle; Bodhare, Trupti; Bohn, Lucimere; Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi; Bolourinejad, Paria; Carvajal, Alejandro Botero; 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Darmstadt, Gary L; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Davletov, Dimash; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; Deekonda, Sindhura; Dehadrai, Aniket; Dejenie, Tadesse Asmamaw; Del Riccio, Marco; Delsoz, Mohammad; Deng, Huiyin; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Desalegn, Anteneh Assefa; Devarakonda, Pradeep Kumar; Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman; Dhali, Arkadeep; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dhingra, Sameer; Dhungel, Bibha; Di Bella, Stefano; Di Pumpo, Marcello; da Silva, Diana Dias; Diaz, Daniel; Ding, Xueting; Thanh, Chi Do; Dohare, Sushil; Dorostkar, Fariba; dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque; Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai; Dowou, Robert Kokou; Dresse, Menayit Tamrat; Dube, John; Duraisamy, Senbagam; Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher; Dutta, Sulagna; Ebohon, Osamudiamen; Ebraheim, Lamiaa Labieb Mahmoud; Ebrahimi, Mohammad Hossein; Ebrahimi, Rasoul; Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz; Efendi, Ferry; Eftekhari, Behrad; Sedeh, Ashkan Eighaei; Eini, Ebrahim; Ekholuenetale, Michael; El Arab, Rabie Adel; El Bayoumy, Ibrahim Farahat; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; Eladl, Mohamed Ahmed; Elalfy, Aya; El-Ashker, Said; Elbarazi, Iffat; Elemam, Noha Mousaad; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elnaem, Mohamed Hassan; Elshaer, Mohammed; Eltahawy, Abdelgawad Salah Abdelgawad; Emeto, Theophilus I; Bin Emran, Talha; Endriyas, Misganu; Eshetie, Setegn; Eshun, Gilbert; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Eslami, Majid; Eslami, Maysa; Eva, Fahima Nasrin; Fadaka, Adewale Oluwaseun; Fadavian, Heidar; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahim, Ayesha; Faiz, Razana; Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich; Faraji, Niloofar; Faraji, Seyed Nooreddin; Faramarzpour, Mahsa; Fareed, Mohammad; Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud; Faro, Andre; Farooq, Syed Muhammad Yousaf; Fasusi, Emmanuel Toluwani; Fatima, Zareen; Fazeli, Pooria; Feizkhah, Alireza; Fekadu, Ginenus; Membe, Ulrich Femoe Membe; Fernandez-Jimenez, Rodrigo; Feter, Natan; Fiorilla, Claudio; Fischer, Florian; Fonzo, Marco; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Fullman, Nancy; Gadanya, Muktar A; Gadeka, Dominic Dormenyo; Gajdacs, Mario; Ganesan, Balasankar; Gao, Xiang; Garba, Bashiru; Garcia, Fernando Barroga; Garlasco, Jacopo; Gashaw, Anteneh; Gatzioufas, Zisis; Gautam, Rupesh K; Gebre, Feven Sahle; Gebregergis, Miglas Welay; George, Nsikakabasi Samuel; George, Ubong Uwem; Geremew, Gebremariam Wulie; Getahun, Genanew K; Getahun, Habtamu Abebe; Getaneh, Fekadeselassie Belege; Getaneh, Gebremariam; Ghaffari, Kazem; Ghafoury, Roya; Ghamkhar, Arin; Assl, Shakiba Ghasemi; Ghasrsaz, Haniyeh; Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed; Gheno, Gloria; Ghith, Nermin; Ghuge, Arun; Gil, Artyom Urievich; Girombelli, Alessandro; Gobolos, Laszlo; Goel, Amit; Golechha, Mahaveer; Golinelli, Davide; Goodarzian, M Reza; Goyal, Aman; Guan, Shi-Yang; Guarducci, Giovanni; Guicciardi, Stefano; Gulati, Amit; Gunturu, Sasidhar; Gupta, Anish Kumar; Gupta, Ishita; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gutierrez, Reyna Alma; Gutierrez-Murillo, Roberth Steven; Guzman-Esquivel, Jose; Haakenstad, Annie; Habteyohannes, Awoke Derbie; Haghmorad, Dariush; Hailu, Haimanot Ewnetu; Halder, Pritam; Hamad, Islam M; Hamdy, Nadia M; Hameed, Sajid; Hamidi, Samer; Hanif, Asif; Hanifi, Nasrin; Hankey, Graeme J; Harapan, Harapan; Hargono, Arief; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasaballah, Ahmed I; Hasan, Mohammad Jahid; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hashempur, Mohammad Hashem; Hasnain, Ammarah; Hassan, Ibrahim Nagmeldin; Hassan, Md Imtaiyaz; Hassan, Muhammad; Hassan, Nageeb; Hayat, Khezar; He, Jiawei; He, Wen-Qiang; Hegazy, Mohamed I; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Almasi, Minoo Heidari; Hewage, Sumudu Avanthi; Heydari, Majid; Hezam, Kamal; Hiraike, Yuta; Hossain, Alamgir; Hossain, Lubna; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hossain, Md Sabbir; Hossain, Md Jubayer; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hossen, Md Munnaf; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hotwani, Priya; Hoven, Hanno; Hu, Chengxi; Huang, Junjie; Hushmandi, Kiavash; Hussain, Javid; Hussain, M Azhar; Hussein, Nawfal R; Husseiny, Mohamed Ibrahim; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ibrahim, Khalid S; Ibrahim, Nuheila; Ibrayeva, Anel; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Imam, Mohammad Tarique; Inok, Arit; Isa, Mustafa Alhaji; Iskandar, Benni; Iskander, Teresa R; Islam, Md Sahidul; Islam, Md Fakrul; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ismail, Faisal; Ismail, Leila; Ituka, Mosimah Charles; Iwagami, Masao; Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe Juliana; Jacob, Louis; Jadidi, Ali; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jahrami, Haitham; Jain, Ayushi; Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jalloh, Mohamed; Jamal, Armaan; Jamal, Qazi Mohammad Sajid; Jameie, Melika; James, Jerin; Jamil, Hasan; Jamora, Roland Dominic G; Javaid, Syed Sarmad; Jawaid, Talha; Abed, Qassim Jawell Odah; Jayaram, Shubha; Jeong, Seogsong; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jin, Wenyi; Jokar, Mohammad; Jose, Jobin; Jose, Jobinse; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Josten, Kripa; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Kabir, Zubair; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kadir, Dler H Hussein; Kakkar, Ashish Kumar; Kamal, Md Moustafa; Kamal, Mehnaz; Kamath, Rajesh; Kamorudeen, Ramat T; Kamyari, Naser; Kamyshnyi, Oleksandr; Kanaan, Mona; Kanaan, Saddam Fuad; Kang, Jiseung; Kankam, Samuel Berchi; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Kannan, Suthanthira S; Kantar, Rami S; Kapoor, Neeti; Karami, Jafar; Karasneh, Reema A; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Karch, Andre; Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali; Karpinski, Tomasz M; Kashyap, Manoj Kumar; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khaksar, Mohammad Ali; Khalid, Nauman; Khalil, Anees Ahmed; Khamesipour, Faham; Khan, Abdul Arif; Khan, Ajmal; Khan, Faiz Ullah; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Md Abdullah Saeed; Khan, Moien AB; Khan, Muhammad Umer; Khan, Ramsha Mushtaq; Khan, Sumaiya Khan; Khan, Ubaid; Khan, Yusuf Saleem; Khan, Zahid; Khanal, Vishnu; Khasbage, Sameer Uttamaro; Khatab, Khaled; Khatatbeh, Haitham; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khazaei, Afshin; Kheirallah, Khalid A; Khosravi, Farbod; Kim, Grace; Kim, Jinho; Kim, Kwanghyun; Kim, Min Seo; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Shivakumar, KM; Kochhar, Sonali; Kokkorakis, Michail; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kompani, Farzad; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich; Korzh, Oleksii; Kostev, Karel; Koul, Parvaiz A; Kretchy, Irene Akwo; Kretchy, James-Paul; Krishan, Kewal; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Kuchay, Raja Amir Hassan; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kuitunen, Ilari; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kumah, Emmanuel; Kumar, Dewesh; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Jogender; Kumar, Kamal; Kumar, Narendar; Kumar, Rakesh; Kundu, Satyajit; Kunutsor, Setor K; Kurniasari, Maria Dyah; Kushawaha, Pramod Kumar; Kusnali, Asep; Kusuma, Dian; Kuttybayev, Assylkhan; Kwong, Wai Hang Patrick; Kyei-Arthur, Frank; Kyto, Ville; Pallavi, LC; La Vecchia, Carlo; Ladan, Muhammad Awwal; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Lakanova, Balzhan; Landires, Ivan; Lasrado, Savita; Lau, Colleen L; Huu-Hoai, Le; Minh, Huu Nhat Le; Nhi, Huu Hanh Le; Trang, Diep Thanh Le; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Sergey Vadimovich; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Wei-Chen; Legesse, Awol Yemane; Leong, Elvynna; Li, Ming-Chieh; Li, Peng; Li, Wei; Ligade, Virendra S; Lin, Jialing; Lin, John C; Lin, Queran; Liu, Gang; Liu, Haipeng; Liu, Jue; Liu, Patrick Y; Liu, Xuefeng; Liu, Zhe; Llanaj, Erand; Lopez-Gil, Jose Francisco; Lopukhov, Platon D; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Ludhiadch, Abhilash; Luo, Peng; Lutambi, Angelina M; Lv, Lei; Lwin, Kaung Suu; Lytras, Miltiadis D; Lytvyak, Ellina; Afifi, Ahmed M; Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai; Ma, Zheng Feei; Ma'aruf, Shamsuddeen Yusuf Yusuf; Mabrok, Mahmoud; Machoy, Monika; Madadi, Firoozeh; Madadizadeh, Farzan; Madinezad, Seyed Ataollah; Madureira-Carvalho, Aurea Marilia; Mahalingam, Sasikumar; Mahamed, Samatar Abshir; Mahmood, Nozad H; Mahmoud, Mansour Adam; Mahmoudi, Farhad; Malhotra, Hardeep Singh; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Malik, Shahid; Malik, Tabarak; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamo, Biniyam Tedla Tedla; Manjani, Lokesh; Mannethodi, Kamaruddeen; Mansoor, Farheen; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Manzoor, Shaista; Maqbool, Tahir; Marasini, Bishnu P; Marateb, Hamid Reza; Margetis, Konstantinos; Marks-Hultstrom, Michael; Martinez-Valle, Adolfo; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio; Martorell, Miquel; Marzo, Roy Rillera; Marzouk, Sammer; Masi, Stefano; Matei, Clara N; Mathangasinghe, Yasith; Mathur, Medha; Mathur, Neeta; Matozinhos, Fernanda Penido; Maude, Richard James; Mbachu, Chioma Ngozichukwu Pauline; Mbachu, Ikechukwu Innocent; McPhail, Steven M; Salas, Maria Paz Medel; Mediratta, Rishi P; Mehta, Vini; Mehto, Subhash; Meiring, James; Meto, Tesfahun Mekene; Mekonnen, Tesfaye Hambisa; Meles, Hadush Negash; Melese, Endalkachew Belayneh; Memish, Ziad Ahmed; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Godfred Antony; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mengistie, Emiru Ayalew; Mengstie, Leweyehu Alemaw; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A; Meo, Sultan Ayoub Ayoub; Meretoja, Atte; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mettananda, Sachith; Metwally, Mohamed MM; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Minervini, Giuseppe; Ming, Wai-kit; Mirica, Andreea; Mirkheshti, Alireza; Mishra, Vinaytosh; Mohamed, Heba M; Mohamed, Hebatalla; Mohamed, Jama; Mohamed, Mona Gamal; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Ahmed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Abbasher Hussien Mohamed; Mohammad, Taj; Mohammadi, Abdolreza; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohammed, Yahaya; Mohan, Syam; Mohseni, Mohammad; Mohsenzadeh, Amin; Mokdad, Ali H; Mokhtarzadehazar, Peyman; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Moradi, Maryam; Moradi, Yousef; Moraga, Paula; Morgan, Anthony Kwame; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Morsy, Mahmoud M; Mousavi, Seyed Ahmad; Kiasary, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Mousavi; Mowafy, Hagar; Yousefi, Kimia Mozahheb; Mubarak, Rabia; Mubarik, Sumaira; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mukherjee, Sumoni; Mulita, Francesk; Mulyadi, Mulyadi; Munjal, Kavita; Munshi, Anjana; Murray, Christopher JL; Musaigwa, Fungai; Mustafa, Sherzad Ibrahim; Mustapha, Mubarak Taiwo; Muthupandian, Saravanan; Muvunyi, Claude Mambo Mambo; Muzaffar, Muhammad; Myung, Woojae; Nafei, Ayoub; Naghavi, Pirouz; Naghibzadeh, Amirhossein; Naghshbandi, Mobin; Naik, Ganesh R; Naik, Gurudatta; Nainu, Firzan; Nair, Tapas Sadasivan; Najdaghi, Soroush; Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid; Nandi, Arindam; Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha; Nargus, Shumaila; Nashwan, Abdulqadir J; Nassar, Mahmoud; Natto, Zuhair S; Naureen, Zakira; Navaratna, Samidi Nirasha Kumari; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nayak, Shalini Ganesh Ganesh; Nayon, Md Fahad Shahariar; Nazri-Panjaki, Athare; Ndishimye, Pacifique; Negoi, Ionut; Nepal, Samata; Netsere, Henok Biresaw; Kieu, Viet Nhi Nguyen; Nhan, Nguyen; Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y; Quan, Nguyen Khoi; Nguyen, Ngoc Yen Nhi; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nieddu, Luciano; Nigusse, Afewerki Tesfahunegn Tesfahunegn; Nikoobar, Ali; Niroomand, Behnaz; Nnaji, Chukwudi A; Nomura, Shuhei; Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed; Noroozi, Masoud; Nriagu, Valentine C; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; Nshimiyimana, Jean Claude; Nugen, Fred; Nunemo, Mengistu H; Nyande, Felix Kwasi; Oancea, Bogdan; Oboh, Mary Aigbiremo; Odat, Ramez M; Odetokun, Ismail A; Oduro, Michael Safo; Ogundare, Tunde Emmanuel; Ogundeko-Olugbami, Oluwafunmilayo Tosin; Ojedoyin, Olusegun Olatunji; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Okoli, Onyedika A; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Okunlola, John Olayemi; Okunlola, Oluyemi Adewole; Olabisi, Oluwaseyi Isaiah; Olivas-Martinez, Antonio; Oliveira, Glaucia Maria Moraes; Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi; Olorunju, Samson Bamidele; Olorunsaiye, Comfort ZZ; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Oluwole, Oluwafemi G Gabriel; Omage, Folorunsho Bright; Onwujekwe, Obinna E; Onyeaghala, Chizaram A; Opitz, Marcel; Ordak, Michal; Orish, Verner N; Orscelik, Atakan; Ortiz, Alberto; Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar; Ortiz-Prado, Esteban; Osborne, Augustus; Osei, Eric; Othman, Elham H; Otorkpa, Oche Joseph; Ouyahia, Amel; Owolabi, Mayowa O; Oyebola, Kolapo; Oyelade, Tope; Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T; Ozsahin, Ilker; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pakbaz, Yeganeh; Palicz, Tamas; Panda, Sujogya Kumar; Panos, Georgios D; Panos, Leonidas DD; Papa, Mario Virgilio; Papadimopoulos, Ilias; Pardhan, Shahina; Parekh, Utsav; Parikh, Romil R; Park, Chulwoo; Passera, Roberto; Patel, Mitesh; Patel, Neel Navinkumar; Patil, Shankargouda; Patoulias, Dimitrios; Pawar, Shrikant; Pawar, Shubhadarshini; Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki; Pekarcikova, Jarmila; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Peprah, Prince; Pereira, Gavin; Chacon, Gladymar Perez; Perna, Simone; Petakh, Pavlo; Peter, Olumuyiwa James; Nhat, Truong Pham; Tung, Thanh Pham; Piracha, Zahra Zahid; Pirera, Edoardo; Poddighe, Dimitri; Polibin, Roman V; Poluru, Ramesh; Pourasghary, Sajjad; Pourbabaki, Reza; Pourghazi, Farzad; Pourtaheri, Naeimeh; Prakash, Ashwathi; Prates, Elton Junio Sady; Purohit, Jyotirekha; Puvvula, Jagadeesh; Qanash, Husam; Qasim, Nameer Hashim; Qazi, Asma Saleem; Qi, Xiang; Qi, Zhipeng; Qian, Gangzhen; Rabiee, Navid; Rachmat, Basuki; Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi, Sajjad; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Fryad Majeed; Rahman, Md Mosfequr; Rahman, Md Obaidur; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahmani, Saeed; Rahmoune, Hakim; Raina, Sunil Kumar; Raj, Jeffrey Pradeep; Raja, Adarsh; Rajendran, Gunaseelan; Rajendran, Judah; Rajizadeh, Mohammad Amin; Rajpurohit, Siddheesh; Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed; Ramasamy, Chitra; Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran; Ramphul, Kamleshun; Rana, Kirtan; Rana, Rishabh Kumar; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Rancic, Nemanja; Rani, Smitha; Rao, Chythra R; Rao, Sowmya J; Rashid, Md Abdur; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Rasul, Azad; Rathish, Devarajan; Rauf, Abdur; Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Redwan, Elrashdy; Rehman, Wajiha; Reyes, Luis Felipe; Rezaei, Mina; Rezaei, Nazila; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Riad, Abanoub; Rizvi, Moattar Raza; Robinson-Oden, Hannah Elizabeth; Rocha, Hermano Alexandre Lima; da Silva, Thales Philipe Rodrigues; Roever, Leonardo; Roshanshad, Amirhossein; Rout, Himanshu Sekhar; Rouzbahani, Shiva; Roy, Adrija; Roy, Nitai; Roy, Sharmistha; Roy, Shubhanjali; Ruela, Guilherme de Andrade; Rwegerera, Godfrey M; Saad, Aly MA; Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed; Rafiei, Seyed Kiarash Sadat; Saddik, Basema Ahmad; Sadegh, Tarannom; Sadeghi-Ghyassi, Fatemeh; Saeed, Mohd; Saeed, Umar; Safari, Mehdi; Sagharichi, Mastooreh; Sagoe, Dominic; Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb; Sajadi, S Mohammad; Sajib, Md Refat Uz Zaman; Sajid, Mirza Rizwan; Saki, Morteza; Salabat, Dorsa; Salam, Nasir; Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa; Saleh, Mohamed A; Salehi, Mahdi; Salemcity, Aanuoluwa James; 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Shannawaz, Mohammed; Sharifan, Amin; Sharma, Bunty; Sharma, Manoj; Sharma, Vishal; Shawahna, Ramzi; Shayan, Maryam; Shenoy, Suchitra M; Sherchan, Samendra P; Shetty, Shiran; Shimul, Md Monir Hossain; Shittu, Aminu; Eshkiki, Zahra Shokati; Shokri, Azad; Shool, Sina; Shorofi, Seyed Afshin; Shuval, Kerem; Siavashpour, Zahra; Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar; Siddiqua, Ayesha; da Silva, Gustavo Correia Basto; Silva, Luis Manuel Lopes Rodrigues; Singh, Amit; Singh, Baljinder; Singh, Bhim Pratap; Singh, Harmanjit; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Kalpana; Singh, Poornima Suryanath; Singh, Samer; Singh, Satwinder; Sinha, Mukesh Kumar; Siraj, Ebrahim Abdela; Skhvitaridze, Natia; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Sohel, Md Salman; Sokhan, Anton; Soliman, Ahmed M; Soliman, May Mohamed Sherif; Soliman, Noha Salah; Soliman, Sameh SM; Song, Weiyi; Sood, Aayushi; Sood, Prashant; Soraneh, Soroush; Sorensen, Reed JD; Sorrentino, Michele; Spartalis, Michael; Sra, Manraj Singh; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Srichawla, Bahadar S; 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authors

publication date

  • July 15, 2025

published in

keywords

  • CHILDREN
  • General & Internal Medicine
  • IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE
  • INVESTMENT
  • Life Sciences & Biomedicine
  • MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
  • Medicine, General & Internal
  • RETURN
  • Science & Technology
  • UNITED-STATES
  • VACCINES
  • VALIDITY

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

publisher

  • ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

start page

  • 235

end page

  • 260

volume

  • 406

issue

  • 10500