Pricing and traffic rationing have emerged as effective and economically feasible strategies for mitigating traffic congestion in the central business districts of large cities. In Tehran, Iran's capital city, two separate surveys were conducted to evaluate the effects of time- and duration-based pricing strategies. The surveys included 1,388 participants from the congestion pricing zone (CBD) and 983 participants from the odd-even traffic rationing zone. The error component logit model was calibrated using stated preference (SP) scenarios for both the congestion pricing zone and the odd-even traffic zone; These models aimed to analyze modal shift, route choice, and time of travel in a day. Additionally, the mode choice behavior in the CBD was examined using the generalized mixed logit (GMXL) model, which was calibrated using both SPs and RPs. The findings indicate that implementing a duration-based scenario would result in a modal shift, changes in trip patterns, and even trip cancellations. On the other hand, the time-based scenario would primarily lead to changes in travel timing or destination choices. GMXL results show that duration-based pricing is more effective in shifting private vehicle trips to other modes. Furthermore, on-demand ridehailing is less significant as a competitor mode within these zones.
