As societies rely increasingly on computers for critical functions, the importance of cybersecurity becomes ever more paramount. Even in recent months there have been attacks that halted oil production, disrupted online learning at the height of COVID, and put medical records at risk at prominent hospitals. This constant threat of privacy leaks and infrastructure disruption has led to an increase in the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, mainly machine learning (ML), in state-of-the-art cybersecurity approaches. Oftentimes, these techniques are borrowed from other disciplines without context and devoid of the depth of understanding as to why such techniques are best suited to solve the problem at hand. This is largely due to the fact that in many ways cybersecurity curricula have failed to keep up with advances in cybersecurity research and integrating AI and ML into cybersecurity curricula is extremely difficult. To address this gap, we propose a new methodology to integrate AI and ML techniques into cybersecurity education curricula. Our methodology consists of four components: i) Analysis of Literature which aims to understand the prevalence of AI and ML in cybersecurity research, ii) Analysis of Cybersecurity Curriculum that intends to determine the materials already present in the curriculum and the possible intersection points in the curricula for the new AI material, iii) Design of Adaptable Modules that aims to design highly adaptable modules that can be directly used by cybersecurity educators where new AI material can naturally supplement/substitute for concepts or material already present in the cybersecurity curriculum, and iv) Curriculum Level Evaluation that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology from both student and instructor perspectives. In this paper, we focus on the first component of our methodology - Analysis of Literature and systematically analyze over 5000 papers that were published in the top cybersecurity conferences during the last five years. Our results clearly indicate that more than 78% of the cybersecurity papers mention AI terminology. To determine the prevalence of the use of AI, we randomly selected 300 papers and performed a thorough analysis. Our results show that more than 19% of the papers implement ML techniques. These findings suggest that AI and ML techniques should be considered for future integration into cybersecurity curriculum to better align with advancements in the field.
