DEAD-box RNA helicase 17 (DDX17), a key member of the DEAD-box family, is vital in cellular physiological processes. This review summarizes its structural properties, distribution, functions, disease associations, and research trends. Structurally, DDX17 has a conserved DEAD-box domain with RNA-dependent ATPase and helicase activities, producing p72 and p82 isoforms. It distributes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, highly expressed in cardiomyocytes and neuronal tissues. Functionally, DDX17 regulates RNA metabolism, DNA repair, and protein interactions. It is linked to chronic non-infectious diseases: promoting tumor progression via pathways like Wnt/β-catenin; protecting myocardial function in cardiovascular diseases; and involving in neurological disorders.This review provides insights for exploring its biological functions and clinical applications.
