The rapid design and optimization of next-generation electromagnetic (EM) systems requires modeling frameworks that are simultaneously accurate and computationally efficient. While characteristic mode analysis (CMA) has emerged as a powerful tool for providing deep physical insight into the modal behavior of complex radiating structures, its practical adoption in large-scale design and optimization workflows is severely limited by the high computational cost of repeated full-wave eigenanalyses. This challenge is further exacerbated in multi-objective optimization settings, where thousands of EM evaluations are often required.
