Global, regional and national burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to suboptimal diet, 1990-2023: a Global Burden of Disease study Article

Lee, Sooji, Lee, Hayeon, Son, Yejun et al. (2026). Global, regional and national burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to suboptimal diet, 1990-2023: a Global Burden of Disease study . Nature Medicine, 32(4), 1454-1478. 10.1038/s41591-026-04250-8

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  • Lee, Sooji; Lee, Hayeon; Son, Yejun; Shin, Jae Il; Aalruz, Hasan; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Nasir; Abbaspour, Elahe; Abbastabar, Hedayat; ElHafeez, Samar Abd; Abdi, Parsa; Abdisa, Wakgari Mosisa; Abdollahi, Mohammad; Abdoun, Meriem; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abdullahi, Auwal; Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola; Abiodun, Olumide; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abohashem, Shady; Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes; Abtahi, Dariush; Abubakar, Aminu Kende; Abubakar, Bilyaminu; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abukhadijah, Hana J; Aburuz, Salahdein; Abu-Zaid, Ahmed; Adane, Mesafint Molla; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adebayo, Oladimeji Muritala; Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun; Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi; Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther; Adhikari, Kishor; Adiga, Usha; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika; Afrooghe, Arya; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Afzal, Saira; Agarwal, Prerna; Agide, Feleke Doyore; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Firdos; Ahmad, Muayyad M; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Mushood; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Ajami, Marjan; Aji, Budi; Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed; Al Amiry, Alaa; Al Awaidy, Salah; Al Qadire, Mohammad; Alalwan, Tariq A; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y; Albashtawy, Mohammed; Aldawsari, Khalifah A; Aldhaleei, Wafa A; Algammal, Abdelazeem M; Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji; Ali, Abid; Ali, Akhtar; Ali, Endale Alemayehu; Ali, Mohammad Daud; Ali, Mohammed Usman; Ali, Rafat; Ali, Syed Shujait; Ali, Waad; Alicandro, Gianfranco; Alif, Sheikh Mohammad; Al-Jabi, Samah W; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alkhatib, Ahmad; Al-Marwani, Sabah; Alnaeem, Mohmmad Minwer; Alomari, Mahmoud A; Alqahtani, Saleh A; Alrawashdeh, Ahmad; Alrousan, Sahel Majed; Alsabri, Mohammed A; Alseragi, Wafa Mohammed; Altaany, Zaid; Altaf, Awais; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alwafi, Hassan; Al-Wardat, Mohammad; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Aly, Safwat; Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim; Alzoubi, Karem H; Mohammadi, Masoud Aman; Amani, Reza; Amegah, Adeladza Kofi; Amin, Tarek Tawfik; Amu, Hubert; Amugsi, Dickson A; Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anil, Abhishek; Ansong, Rockson; Anvari, Saeid; Anwar, Sumadi Lukman; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Areda, Demelash; Armocida, Benedetta; Arnlov, Johan; Arooj, Mahwish; Artamonov, Anton A; Ashraf, Javed; Ashraf, Tahira; Asiamah-Asare, Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah; Askarinejad, Amir; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atorkey, Prince; Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew; Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu; Ayana, Lemessa Assefa A; Azhar, Masood; Aziz, Shahkaar; Azizian, Hossein; Azzam, Ahmed Y; Azzolino, Domenico; Gayathri, B; Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah; Bagheri, Nasser; Taghanaki, Pegah Bahrami; Bahreini, Razieh; Bai, Ruhai; Baig, Atif Amin; Baker, Jennifer L; Bakkannavar, Shankar M; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Bam, Kiran; Banach, Maciej; Bansal, Hansi; Bardhan, Mainak; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Barua, Lingkan; Basharat, Zarrin; Aliabadi, Somaye Bashiri; Basri, Rehana; Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi; Basu, Sanjay; Batra, Kavita; Bayati, Mohsen; Bayih, Mulat Tirfie; Behera, Priyamadhaba; Belayneh, Asnake Gashaw; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bilgin, Gokce Belge; Bell, Michelle L; Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja; Bensenor, Isabela M; Benziger, Catherine P; Berezvai, Zombor; Berhie, Alemshet Yirga; Beyene, Habtamu B; Beyene, Kebede A; Bhadoria, Ajeet Singh; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bharadwaj, Ravi; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhat, Ajay Nagesh; Bhat, Vivek; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bhatti, Rajbir; Bilgin, Cem; Birhan, Mekuriaw Mesfin; Biswas, Bijit; Bizzozero-Peroni, Bruno; Boloor, Archith; Boppana, Harsha; Borhany, Hamed; Brahmaiah, Jyoti; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brauer, Michael; Brenner, Hermann; Britton, Gabrielle; Bugiardini, Raffaele; Bulamu, Norma B; Bulto, Lemma N; Burkart, Katrin; Bustanji, Yasser; Butt, Zahid A; Calina, Daniela; Camera, Luis Alberto; Campos, Luciana Aparecida; Campos-Nonato, Ismael; Capodici, Angelo; Carvalho, Felix; Carvalho, Marcia; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Catapano, Alberico L; Cattafesta, Monica; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia; Cegolon, Luca; Cembranel, Francieli; Cenko, Edina; Cernigliaro, Achille; Chakraborty, Sandip; Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai; Chandika, Rama Mohan; Chandran, Shilpa; Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad; Chen, Hana; Chen, Hui; Chen, Simiao; Chew, Nicholas WS; Chi, Gerald; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Chimoriya, Ritesh; Ching, Patrick R; Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo; Cho, William CS; Choi, Dong-Woo; Chong, Bryan; Chou, Hou In; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chowdhury, Enayet Karim; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Cicero, Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe; Cioffi, Iolanda; Criqui, Michael H; Cruz-Martins, Natalia; Cui, Xiaolin; da Silva, Alanna Gomes; Dababo, Nour; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Dai, Zhaoli; Damiani, Giovanni; D'Amico, Emanuele; Darcho, Samuel Demissie; Das, Saswati; Dascalu, Ana Maria; Dash, Nihar Ranjan; Dassah, Cornelius; Davletov, Kairat; Del Bo, Cristian; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Dergaa, Ismail; Dervisevic, Emina; Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw; Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan; Devegowda, Devananda; Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dhimal, Meghnath; Di Pumpo, Marcello; Dima, Adriana; Thao, Huynh Phuong Do; do Prado, Camila Bruneli; Doaei, Saeid; Doegah, Phidelia Theresa; Dohare, Sushil; Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai; Doshi, Rajkumar Prakashbhai; Dowou, Robert Kokou; Dsouza, Viola Savy; Duncan, Bruce B; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; E'mar, Abdel Rahman; Ebrahimi, Alireza; Eghbali, Foolad; Ejeta, Debela; Ekholuenetale, Michael; El Arab, Rabie Adel; El Bayoumy, Ibrahim Farahat; El Sayed, Iman; Eladl, Mohamed Ahmed; Elgendy, Islam Y; Elhadi, Muhammed; El-Huneidi, Waseem; El-Metwally, Ashraf A; Elmoselhi, Adel B; Elnaem, Mohamed Hassan; Elsohaby, Ibrahim; Eltaha, Chadi; Emeto, Theophilus I; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Eslami, Maysa; Espinosa-Montero, Juan; Etaee, Farshid; Fadaka, Adewale Oluwaseun; Fadhil, Ibtihal; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahim, Ayesha; Fahimi, Saman; Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich; Falzone, Luca; Faraji, Seyed Nooreddin; Fareed, Mohammad; Farina, Jacopo; Farina, Sara; Farinha, Carla Sofia E Sa; Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud; Farrokhpour, Hossein; Fazylov, Timur; Feizkhah, Alireza; Fekadu, Ginenus; Feng, Xiaoqi; Fernandez-Jimenez, Rodrigo; Ferreira, Nuno; Fetensa, Getahun; Feyisa, Bikila Regassa; Fischer, Florian; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Fortuna, Daniela; Foschi, Matteo; Fotouhi, Maryam; Fraij, Amin; Sridevi, G; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gadanya, Muktar A; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Gaipov, Abduzhappar; Galali, Yaseen; Gallus, Silvano; Espinoza, Wendy Paola Gastelum; Gautam, Rupesh K; Gebregergis, Miglas Welay; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Getacher, Lemma; Getie, Molla; Ghadimi, Delaram J; Ghadirian, Fataneh; Ghaffari, Kazem; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi; Ghasemi, Mohammad-Reza; Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed; Gholamalizadeh, Maryam; Gholami, Zainab; Ghorbani, Zeinab; Vajargah, Pooyan Ghorbani; Gil, Artyom Urievich; Gill, Tiffany K; Girmay, Alem Abera; Glasstetter, Logan M; Gobolos, Laszlo; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Goulart, Alessandra C; Grada, Ayman; Grivna, Michal; Grosso, Giuseppe; Grover, Ashna; Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh; Guan, Zhongyang; Guarducci, Giovanni; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Guha, Avirup; Gulati, Snigdha; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gutierrez-Murillo, Roberth Steven; Habteyesus, Dagim Fisseha; Hadei, Mostafa; Hadi, Najah R; Hadian, Zahra; Haile, Demewoz; Hamadeh, Randah R; Hamdy, Nadia M; Hankey, Graeme J; Hanna, Fahad; Haque, Obaid I; Harding, Kassandra L; Hargono, Arief; Harlianto, Netanja I; Haro, Josep Maria; Has, Eka Mishbahatul Marah; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hashempour, Reza; Hashempur, Mohammad Hashem; Hasnain, Md Saquib; Hassan, Amr; Hassan, Ikrama; Hassan, Nageeb; Havmoeller, Rasmus J; Hay, Simon I; Hayat, Khezar; Hbid, Youssef; He, Jiawei; He, Qiang; Hebert, Jeffrey J; Heidari, Golnaz; Hemmati, Mehdi; Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana; Hiraike, Yuta; Hoang, Mai; Holla, Ramesh; Hossain, Md Belal; Hosseini, Seyed Kianoosh; Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Huang, Junjie; Hussain, Javid; Hong-Han, Huynh; Ibrahim, Ramzi; Ibrahim, Umar Idris; Ibrayeva, Anel; Ikeda, Nayu; Ikiroma, Adalia; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Imam, Mohammad Tarique; Immurana, Mustapha; Inok, Arit; Iqhrammullah, Muhammad; Iskandar, Benni; Islam, Rabiul; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Iso, Hiroyasu; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; Vinothini, J; Jacob, Louis; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jahrami, Haitham; Jain, Akhil; Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jalloh, Mohamed; Jamil, Safayet; Jawaid, Talha; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jayasinghe, Ruwan Duminda; Jebasingh, Felix K; Jeong, Gwang Hun; Jeswani, Bijay Mukesh; Jha, Anil K; Ji, Zixiang; Jokar, Mohammad; Jonas, Jost B; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jurisson, Mikk; Juweid, Malik E; Jyoti, Anupam; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kakkar, Ashish Kumar; Kalra, Sanjay; Kamath, Ashwin; Kamorudeen, Ramat T; Kankam, Samuel Berchi; Kanmiki, Edmund Wedam; Karagiannidis, Efstratios; Karakasis, Paschalis; Karimi, Aliasghar; Karimi, Yeganeh; Karimzadhagh, Sahand; Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar; Kasraei, Hengameh; Kauppila, Joonas H; Kayode, Gbenga A; Kazemian, Sina; Kedir, Shemsu; Keflie, Tibebeselassie S; Kelly, Jaimon Terence; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khaing, Inn Kynn; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalid, Nauman; Khalilian, Alireza; Khammarnia, Mohammad; Khan, Ajmal; Khan, Fayaz; Khan, M Nuruzzaman; Khan, Mohammad Jobair; Ab Khan, Moien; Khan, Muhammad Umair; Khanal, Vishnu; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khateri, Sorour; Khidri, Feriha Fatima; Khosla, Atulya Aman; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kifle, Zemene Demelash; Kim, Kwanghyun; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Adnan; Kivimaki, Mika; Shivakumar, KM; Kokkorakis, Michail; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kompani, Farzad; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich; Korzh, Oleksii; Kosen, Soewarta; Kostev, Karel; Krishan, Kewal; Krishna, Varun; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kumar, Ashish; Kumar, Nithin; Kumar, Shiv; Kundu, Satyajit; Kunutsor, Setor K; Kurniasari, Maria Dyah; Kusnali, Asep; Kusuma, Dian; Kyto, Ville; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lahariya, Chandrakant; Lai, Daphne Teck Ching; Lallukka, Tea; Lam, Judit; Latief, Kamaluddin; Lau, Jerrald; Lauriola, Paolo; Minh, Huu Nhat Le; Nhi, Huu Hanh Le; Thao, Thi Thu Le; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Ivan; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Seung Won; Leivaditis, Vasileios; Li, An; Li, Jiaying; Li, Ming-Chieh; Li, Wei; Ligade, Virendra S; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lim, Stephen S; Lin, Jialing; Lin, Ro-Ting; Lindholm, Daniel; Liu, Liu; Liu, Xuefeng; Lopez-Gil, Jose Francisco; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Lugo, Alessandra; Lv, Lei; Ma, Zheng Feei; Mabrok, Mahmoud; Mafi, Alireza; Maghazachi, Azzam A; Mahalleh, Mehrdad; Mahmoudi, Elham; Majeed, Azeem; Makram, Abdelrahman M; Rad, Elaheh Malakan; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A; Manla, Yosef; Mansourian, Marjan; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Maqsood, Sajid; Marasini, Bishnu P; Marateb, Hamid Reza; Marghani, Basma Hamed; Marino, Mirko; Martinez-Piedra, Ramon; Martini, Daniela; Martorell, Miquel; Marz, Winfried; Marzouk, Sammer; Masrouri, Soroush; Mathur, Manu Raj; Mathur, Medha; Mathur, Navgeet; Mattiello, Rita; Maugeri, Andrea; Mazidi, Mohsen; Mckee, Martin; Meena, Jitendra Kumar; Meftah, Elahe; Mehmood, Asim; Mehra, Rahul; Meto, Tesfahun Mekene; Melaku, Yohannes Adama; Meles, Hadush Negash; Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A; Meo, Sultan Ayoub; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; de Sa, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira; Miller, Ted R; Minervini, Giuseppe; Mini, GK; Mirghafourvand, Mojgan; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mocciaro, Gabriele; Mogessie, Yidnek; Mohamed, Mona Gamal; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Mohammad, Ameen Mosa; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammadzadeh, Ibrahim; Mohammed, Shafiu; Vardanjani, Hossein Molavi; Namin, Sara Montazeri; Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moodi; Moradi, Yousef; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moraga, Paula; Morovatdar, Negar; Mossialos, Elias; Motappa, Rohith; Mougin, Vincent; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi; Mubarik, Sumaira; Mulita, Admir; Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham; Murillo-Zamora, Efren; Murray, Christopher JL; Musa, Sani; Mustafa, Ghulam; Myung, Woojae; Nafei, Ayoub; Naik, Ganesh R; Nainu, Firzan; Najdaghi, Soroush; Nambi, Gopal; Nanavaty, Dhairya P; Nandu, Kannothu Thazha Kuni; Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha; Nargus, Shumaila; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Nascimento, Gustavo G; Nasrollahizadeh, Ali; Nasrollahizadeh, Amir; Nassar, Mahmoud; Natto, Zuhair S; Nauman, Javaid; Navaratna, Samidi Nirasha Kumari; Nawsherwan, NA; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nazri-Panjaki, Athare; Negahdary, Masoud; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Nekouei, Omid; Netsere, Henok Biresaw; Dang, Nguyen; Van, Thanh Nguyen; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nikoobar, Ali; Nikravangolsefid, Nasrin; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Niranjan, Vikram; Nomura, Shuhei; Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nouri, Mehran; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Nugen, Fred; Nur, Aqsha; Nurrika, Dieta; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Oancea, Bogdan; Odetokun, Ismail A; Oguta, James Odhiambo; Ojo-Akosile, Tolulope R; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okeke, Sylvester Reuben; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Okwute, Patrick Godwin; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olalusi, Oladotun Victor; Oliveira, Arao Belitardo; Oliveira, Glaucia Maria Moraes; Oludoye, Oluseye Olalekan; Omar, Hany A; Bali, Ahmed Omar; Ong, Sok King; Ordak, Michal; Orish, Verner N; Ortiz, Alberto; Ortiz-Prado, Esteban; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi; Oumer, Abdu; Owolabi, Mayowa O; Mahesh, PA; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Panda, Sujogya Kumar; Katare, Deepshikha Pande; Pantazopoulos, Ioannis; Stoian, Anca Pantea; Pardhan, Shahina; Parekh, Utsav; Parida, Amrita; Parija, Pragyan Paramita; Parikh, Romil R; Park, Eun-Cheol; Pashaei, Ava; Passera, Roberto; Patel, Jay; Patil, Shankargouda; Patoulias, Dimitrios; Pawar, Shrikant; Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki; Peprah, Prince; Pereira, Gavin; Perico, Norberto; Perna, Simone; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny; Hoang, Nhat Pham; Pischon, Tobias; Plotnikov, Evgenii; Poddighe, Dimitri; Poluru, Ramesh; Avudaiappan, Arjun Pon; Pourghazi, Farzad; Pradhan, Jalandhar; Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh; Prasad, Manya; Prashant, Akila; Prates, Elton Junio Sady; Purkait, Tirna; Puvvula, Jagadeesh; Qattea, Ibrahim; Qiao, Yanan; Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman; Raghav, Pankaja; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahmanian, Mohammad; Rahmati, Masoud; Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Raja, Sandesh; Rajaa, Sathish; Rajput, Prashant; Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed; 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Shao, Xian; Sharfaei, Sadaf; Sharifan, Amin; Sharma, Manoj; Sharma, Ujjawal; Sharma, Vishal; Shehzadi, Somia; Shenoy, Rekha Raghuveer; Shetty, Pavanchand H; Shetty, Premalatha K; Shetty, Suraj S; Shi, Wenming; Shiri, Rahman; Shittu, Aminu; Shiue, Ivy; Shokri, Fereshteh; Shool, Sina; Shorofi, Seyed Afshin; Shrestha, Sunil; Shuval, Kerem; Si, Yafei; Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar; Siervo, Mario; Sikdar, Mithun; Silva, Luis Manuel Lopes Rodrigues; Singh, Abhinav; Singh, Aditya; Singh, Baljinder; Singh, Bhim Pratap; Singh, Harmanjit; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Kalpana; Singh, Lucky; Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Puneetpal; Singh, Rohit; Singh, Surjit; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Soliman, Sameh SM; Soudah, Ola; Spartalis, Michael; Srichawla, Bahadar S; Srinivasamurthy, Suresh Kumar; Stanaway, Jeffrey D; Stubbs, Peter; Subedi, Narayan; Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan; Suleman, Muhammad; Sun, Jing; Sundstrom, Johan; Sunuwar, Dev Ram; Swain, Chandan Kumar; Szarpak, Lukasz; Sudha, Sree TY; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad; Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir; Tabatabai, Shima; Tabche, Celine; Tabish, Mohammad; Tadakamadla, Jyothi; Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar; Taiba, Jabeen; Talaat, Iman M; Tampa, Mircea; Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze; Tang, Haosu; Tat, Nathan Y; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Teramoto, Masayuki; Thakur, Ramna; Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan; Thangavelu, Lakshmi; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thapa, Rajshree; Thapar, Rekha; Thayakaran, Rasiah; Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera; Tiwari, Krishna; Tomo, Sojit; Tonelli, Marcello; Touvier, Mathilde; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Trabelsi, Khaled; Nghia, Minh Tran; Quynh, Thuy Huong Tran; Thang, Huu Tran; Nguyen, Tran Minh Duc; Trico, Domenico; Thien, Tan Tri Tai Truyen; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim; Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Udoakang, Aniefiok John; Umair, Muhammad; Upadhya, Dinesh; Upadhyay, Era; Uppal, Dipan; Usman, Jibrin Sammani; Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj; Van den Eynde, Jef; Varghese, Joe; Varthya, Shoban Babu; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Verma, Madhur; Verras, Georgios-Ioannis; Vervoort, Dominique; Vinayak, Manish; Loc, Tri Vu; Vujcic, Isidora S; Waheed, Yasir; Wang, Xing; Wang, Xingxin; Wang, Yanzhong; Wanjau, Mary Njeri; Waqar, Ahmed Bilal; Wassie, Toyiba Hiyaru; Werdecker, Andrea; Wicaksana, Anggi Lukman; Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Willeit, Peter; Wojewodzic, Marcin W; Wonde, Tewodros Eshete; Wu, Felicia; Wu, Zenghong; Wubie, Yihun Miskir; Xie, Wanqing; Xu, Suowen; Xu, Xiaoyue; Yahya, Galal; Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaribeygi, Habib; Yasufuku, Yuichi; Ye, Pengpeng; Yesuf, Subah Abderehim; Yin, Dehui; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Youssef, Mohammed Y; Yu, Chuanhua; Zanghi, Aurora; Zawiah, Mohammed; Zeariya, Mohammed GM; Zebari, Salih M Mustafa Salih; Zhang, Casper JP; Zhang, Liqun; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhang, Zhiqiang; Zhao, Hanqing; Zhong, Anthony; Zhong, Claire Chenwen; Zhou, Shuduo; Zhou, Xiao-Dong; Zhu, Bin; Zhumagaliuly, Abzal; Zielinska, Magdalena; Zoghi, Ghazal; Zou, Zhiyong; Zyoud, Sa'ed H; Mokdad, Ali H; Kim, Min Seo; Yon, Dong Keon

sustainable development goals

authors

publication date

  • April 1, 2026

published in

keywords

  • Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
  • CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
  • Cell Biology
  • HEALTH
  • Life Sciences & Biomedicine
  • Medicine, Research & Experimental
  • PREVENTION
  • Research & Experimental Medicine
  • Science & Technology

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

publisher

  • NATURE PORTFOLIO

start page

  • 1454

end page

  • 1478

volume

  • 32

issue

  • 4