The nervous system is the most sophisticated but vulnerable target organs, therefore it provides markers of early changes that yield protective standards for most neurotoxic metals. The nervous system regulates respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and endocrine homeostasis. Therefore, a high concern regards the impact of neurotoxic metals also on the overall human health. Aluminum, arsenic, lead, mercury, and thallium are known to affect physiological and psychological domains. In addition, essential metals such as iron, copper, zinc, and manganese can disrupt homeostasis, leading to neurodegeneration. These elements are increasingly being studied as mixtures, to assess the neurotoxicity caused by their interaction.
