Review of technologies for phosphorus immobilization in biosolids-impacted soils
Article
Freitas, AM, Nair, VD, Osborne, TZ et al. (2026). Review of technologies for phosphorus immobilization in biosolids-impacted soils
. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 1011 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181080
Freitas, AM, Nair, VD, Osborne, TZ et al. (2026). Review of technologies for phosphorus immobilization in biosolids-impacted soils
. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 1011 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181080
Phosphorus (P) management is a critical issue for both agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability, particularly in areas impacted by nutrient overloading and eutrophication. Elevated P levels in soils affected by biosolids application can contribute to water quality degradation, prompting the need for effective remediation strategies. This review examines various immobilizing phosphorus technologies (IPTs), including biochar, calcium-based amendments, and industrial byproducts, aimed at reducing P leaching and runoff from P-impacted soils. The effectiveness of these materials is evaluated based on cost, availability, history of use, public perception, and potential health/environmental hazards. Local factors play a crucial role in selecting suitable IPTs, as material availability and logistical considerations vary by region. For example, Ca-based drinking water treatment residuals (Ca-DWTRs) may be readily available in some regions, while coal residues, although inexpensive, may be harder to source. This review discusses the potential of IPTs to mitigate P leaching and runoff, improve soil health, and promote sustainable agricultural practices in biosolids-impacted soils. Emerging strategies for converting biosolids into biochar offer promising solutions to mitigate environmental risks of land application. Furthermore, this article identifies key knowledge gaps and outlines areas for future research, particularly in optimizing IPTs under different environmental conditions and expanding scalability for broader use. This review provides the first systematic evaluation of P immobilization materials specifically designed for use with biosolids.
