After reading this chapter, the reader will be able to do the following: Distinguish the differences between leadership and management and between leaders and managers. Explain the role of different theories in describing leaders. Describe and compare different theories of leadership. Define followership and identify different types of followers. Synthesize historical leadership research into key guidelines for leadership development. Describe what it means to be an “effective” leader. Explain how transformational leadership differs from transactional leadership, and which behaviors set them apart. Explain how complexity is a necessary element in current and future leadership practice.