This paper presents a permanent magnet-assisted 3-layer sub-harmonic synchronous machine as a promising solution in the transportation sector. Through finite element analysis, the machine exhibits notable improvements over traditional machines, showcasing a 7.8% reduction in torque ripple and an 8.3% increase in average torque. Precise design parameters yield enhanced performance compared to five different synchronous machines. The incorporation of surface-mounted permanent magnets contributes to superior torque generation, making the machine a promising candidate for advancing in transportation applications.
