Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) originate from the brain and spinal cord and encompass a broad range of diseases of differing histopathological and molecular characteristics. The basic principles, dosimetric studies, preclinical evidence, and early clinical data supporting the use of particle therapy in patients with CNS tumors are reviewed in this chapter. Critical details important for treatment planning with particle therapy are reviewed. In dosimetric comparisons, proton therapy (PT) for intracranial tumors has demonstrated superior avoidance of critical structures particularly for targets close to critical structures. PT can reduce the incidence and severity of photon therapy-related acute and late toxicity, resulting in a significant increase in the therapeutic ratio of RT. In dosimetric comparisons, PT for intracranial tumors has demonstrated superior avoidance of critical structures particularly for targets close to critical structures.
