Mueller matrix polarimetry, a natural evolution of polarized light microscopy, is finding new applications in biology, medicine, pathology, and many more. In this chapter, we cover the basic principles of Mueller matrix polarimetry, illustrating different experimental layouts starting with dual-rotating retarders and concluding with snapshot systems. We also layout common approaches to Mueller matrix microscopy data analysis. Finally, we show typical applications of this modality and offer a prospective in Mueller matrix microscopy.
