Climate change adaptation (CCA) is an essential component of a larger set of disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies and programmes. Uncertainty dominates much of the academic literature on climate change, climate change effects, and their longer-term outcomes, and the breadth and depth of these uncertainties manifest in interesting ways. In this chapter, the authors begin by asking a pivotal question: Is there a relationship between environmental hazards and their drivers, including climate change, and violent conflict, and if so, how strong are those respective relationships? They group the more specific literature on potential climate change-conflict linkages around three nodes or poles: Popular or ‘Gloom and Doom’, National Security, which is quite contentious and requires sidebar treatment of climate change and ‘human’ security, and Scholarly/Academic. The authors conclude that the relationship between climate change and violent conflict depends upon specific contexts and a multitude of complex interactive forces.
