Injuries of the vertebral column have gradually increased in recent years, this has favored interest in the production of computer models that provide medical solutions and guide in the diagnosis of certain pathologies. One of the challenges that can be found in the development of computational models is the simulation of the behavior of the intervertebral disc, due to its complex structure. In the literature there are several methodologies that conform to the disc behavior; the main objective of this paper is to summarize recent trends in the modeling of the intervertebral disc, not with the purpose of defining a proper model, but with the idea of offering a means of comparison between the various analyses. Herein a brief review of the physiological constitution of the disc is presented and different models will be discussed with emphasis on the theoretical and physiological approach used in the analysis of the behavior of the intervertebral disc. Finally, a few brief conclusions will be established.
