True hermaphrodites have ovarian as well as testicular tissue. The diagnosis has traditionally been applied only if an individual has histologically verified ovarian follicles or proof of their prior existence (e.g. corpora albicantia), and, seminiferous tubules or spermatozoa. Fibrous stroma does not suffice in lieu of follicles, nor do Leydig cells suffice in lieu of tubules. The diagnosis is applied irrespective of chromosome complement. True hermaphroditism has been reported in humans and in many animals. In fact, in some lower animals hermaphroditism is functional. This review is restricted to true hermaphroditism in humans.
