This entry summarizes neurocognitive research on HIV+ individuals who have past or current substance use disorders. This entry focuses on findings since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy. We focus on neurocognitive correlates of specific drugs of abuse, placing special emphasis on the independent and additive effects of these drugs on the brain and cognition and on implications for clinical management. Finally, strategies for treating this vulnerable population are provided, with a specific focus on neurocognition.
