Plasma adiponectin levels in high risk African-Americans with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes Article

Osei, K, Gaillard, T, Schuster, D. (2005). Plasma adiponectin levels in high risk African-Americans with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes . OBESITY RESEARCH, 13(1), 179-185. 10.1038/oby.2005.23

cited authors

  • Osei, K; Gaillard, T; Schuster, D

authors

abstract

  • Objective: We studied plasma adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion before and after oral glucose challenge in normal glucose tolerant, impaired glucose tolerant, and type 2 diabetic first degree relatives of African-American patients with type 2 diabetes. Research Methods and Procedures: We studied 19 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 8 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 14 with type 2 diabetes. Serum glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and plasma adiponectin levels were measured before and 2 hours after oral glucose tolerance test. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and HOMA-β cell function were calculated in each subject using HOMA. We empirically defined insulin sensitivity as HOMA-IR < 2.68 and insulin resistance as HOMA-IR > 2.68. Results: Subjects with IGT and type 2 diabetes were more insulin resistant (as assessed by HOMA-IR) when compared with NOT subjects. Mean plasma fasting adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the type 2 diabetes group when compared with NGT and IGT groups. Plasma adiponectin levels were 2-fold greater (11.09 ± 4.98 vs. 6.42 ± 3.3811 μg/mL) in insulin-sensitive (HOMA-IR, 1.74 ± 0.65) than in insulin-resistant (HOMA-IR, 5.12 ± 2.14) NGT subjects. Mean plasma adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the glucose tolerant, insulin-resistant subjects than in the insulin sensitive NGT subjects and were comparable with those of the patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. We found significant inverse relationships of adiponectin with HOMA-IR (r = -0.502, p = 0.046) and with HOMA-β cell function (r = -0.498, p = 0.042) but not with the percentage body fat (r = -0.368, p = 0.063), serum glucose, BMI, age, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (%A1C). Discussion: In summary, we found that plasma adiponectin levels were significantly lower in insulin-resistant, non-diabetic first degree relatives of African-American patients with type 2 diabetes and in those with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. We conclude that a decreased plasma adiponectin and insulin resistance coexist in a genetically prone subset of first degree African-American relatives before development of IGT and type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2005 NAASO.

publication date

  • January 1, 2005

published in

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

start page

  • 179

end page

  • 185

volume

  • 13

issue

  • 1