The mülerian anomalies represent a group of malformations that result from abnormal formation or incomplete fusion of the mülerian ducts. Congenital uterine anomalies most commonly are diagnosed after one or more failed pregnancies, which may manifest as recurrent miscarriage or as mid-trimester loss, or after malpresentation of the fetus at delivery. Also more frequent are abdominal delivery and postpartum complications such as retained placenta, subinvolution and hemorrhage. mülerian malformations lead to gynecologic complaints such as oligomenorrhea, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia. A surgical emergency may occur, as in the case of the gestation in a rudimentary uterine horn [1]. Because many, if not most, women with such malformations have normal reproductive outcomes, it is important to understand the appropriate techniques used to diagnose these abnormalities, including septate, bicornuate, didelphic, and unicornuate uteri, and to have a clear clinical perspective regarding their treatment and subsequent pregnancy rates.
